Fabricating biodegradable calcium phosphate/calcium sulfate cement reinforced with cellulose: in vitro and in vivo studies.

Osteoporosis is a growing public health concern worldwide. To avoid extra surgeries, developing biodegradable bone cement is critical for the treatment of osteoporosis. Herein, we designed calcium phosphate/calcium sulfate cement reinforced with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC/OPC). It presents an appropriate physicochemical performance for clinical handling. Meanwhile, CMC/OPC bone cement promotes osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Results of the immune response in vitro and in vivo confirmed that increasing the cellulose content triggered macrophage switching into the M2 phenotype and CMC/OPC exhibited significant anti-inflammation. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo degradation demonstrated that cellulose tailors the degradation rate of composite bone cement, which achieved a linear degradation process and could degrade by more than 90% for 12 weeks. In summary, the composite bone cement CMC/OPC is a promising candidate for bone repair applications.

Taoren-dahuang herb pair reduces eicosanoid metabolite shifts by regulating ADORA2A degradation activity in ischaemia/reperfusion injury rats.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Peach kernel (taoren: TR) is the dried mature seed of peach, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, which belongs to the Rosaceae family. Rhubarb (dahuang: DH) is the dried root and rhizome of rhubarb (Rheum palmatum L., Rheum officinale Baill., or Rheum tanguticum Maxim. ex Balf.). TR-DH (TD) is a traditional Chinese medicine herb pair that promotes blood circulation and removes blood stasis. In recent years, TD has shown definite benefits in the cardio-cerebrovascular system, but its specific mechanism is not very clear. AIM OF STUDY: The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism by which TD affects cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and to optimize the mixture ratio. METHODS: The affected metabolic pathways in rat brain tissues after I/R were analysed by network pharmacology and verified with animal pharmacological experiments. RESULTS: TD had a certain therapeutic effect on cerebral I/R injury. TD with a TR:DH ratio of 1:1 had the best therapeutic effect. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that the protective mechanism of TD against I/R injury involves mainly regulation of brain tissue ADORA2A protein levels and action on the arachidonic acid (AA) pathway. CONCLUSION: TD can ameliorate cerebral I/R injury by regulating ADORA2A degradation in the AA metabolic pathway to attenuate AA metabolic dysfunction and the inflammatory response.

[The Effect in Extraction of Different Ratio of Dahuang-Taoren for Ten Kinds of Chemical Constituents from Rhizoma Rhei].

Objective: To investigate the effect of Dahuang-Taoren with different proportion of extraction amount changes of ten kinds of chemical constituents in Rhizoma Rhei. Methods: Uniform method to set different ratio( 1∶ 5,2∶ 5,2∶ 3,1∶ 1,3∶ 2,5∶ 2,5∶ 1),and set the control group ( Dahuang-Taoren( 1 ∶ 0). HPLC was used to determine the content of ten constituents as gallic acid,( +)-catechin,sennoside B,anthraquinones( aloe-emodin,rhein,emodin,chrysophanol,physcion,chrysophanol-1-O-glucoside,emodin major grape glycoside) in different ratio of drug. Different proportions of Dahuang-Taoren on the extraction amount of ten chemical components in Rhizoma Rhei changes were analyzed. . Results: Compared to the control group, Dahuang-Taoren with different ratio( 5∶ 1,5∶ 2,3∶ 2) in a sample with increasing proportion of Taoren,the extraction amount of ten kinds of constituents of Rhizoma Rhei gradually decreased;Dahuang-Taoren with ratio of 1∶ 1,ten kinds of constituents in extraction of total amount arrived minimum value. Dahuang-Taoren with different ratio( 2∶ 3,2∶ 5,1∶ 5) in a sample with increasing proportion of Taoren,the extraction amount of gallic acid,( +) catechin,chrysophanol of Rhizoma Rhei increased significantly. Conclusion: There is obvious change in chemical constituents of the extraction amount of Rhizoma Rhei with the change of the ratio in Dahuang-Taoren, and Dahuang-Taoren with the ratio( 2∶ 3,2∶ 5,1∶ 5),the extraction amount of gallic acid,( +)-catechin,sennoside B,aloe-emodin,emodin,chrysophanol,physcion,chrysophanol-1-O-glucoside are significantly higher than control group.